2021 Buy to Let purchase activity increasing to £18bn up 83% on 2020

UK Finance has published its housing and mortgage market forecasts for 2022 and 2023 together with projections for 2021 full year numbers.

The Headlines are:

An estimate that gross lending overall will peak this year at £316bn, up 31% on 2020, then moderate to £281bn in 2022, before increasing to £313bn in 2023 (Chart 1).

Total house purchase transactions (including cash purchases) will reach 1.5 million in 2021, some 47% higher than 2020 and, in fact, the highest number since before the Global Financial Crisis.

Buy-to-let activity has followed a similar path to the residential sector, with purchase activity increasing to £18bn, up 83% on 2020.

The main driver of lending in 2021 will be for house purchase, (£200bn, up 53 per cent on 2020), whereas homeowner remortgaging activity will be slightly down on last year at £62bn.

While the 2022 and 2023 gross lending figures will be reductions on the 2021 peak, notably they are higher than the 2020 and 2019 figures and represent a return to more stable levels of activity.

James Tatch, Principal, Data and Research at UK Finance, said: “2021 has been a record year for mortgage lending amid the stamp duty holiday and homeworkers moving from cities. The outlook for the housing and mortgage markets over the next two years is for a return to a more stable, balanced picture following the upheavals of the last two years.

“While risks remain, both to new lending and ongoing affordability, the market looks to be emerging from the pandemic in a better place than previously anticipated, supported by a much-improved wider economic outlook.”

Market overview: a return to moderate growth

The housing market will inevitably soften in 2022 compared to this year, as the demand stimulus from the stamp duty holiday will no longer be a factor boosting house purchases. However, other Covid-19-triggered behavioural changes, most significantly the resurgence in homemover numbers following a decade of stagnation, are likely to provide some continued impetus.

Our recent Q3 Household Finance Review showed that homemover activity has been reinvigorated after a decade of stagnation by changing attitudes to working from home, particularly as remote working is now embedded in many businesses’ longer-term policies. The lack of a daily commute for many existing homeowners who were previously constrained by relatively low levels of equity with which to “staircase up” the housing ladder within the city they work means they can now consider different locations where their existing equity will go further.

Meanwhile, refinancing activity will pick up modestly next year but accelerate somewhat in 2023, as higher volumes of fixed-rate deals, including five-year deals taken out in 2017, are set to end and the loans become eligible for refinancing.

In general, the outlook for both lending and ongoing mortgage affordability is much improved compared to forecasts made a year ago.

As with last year, the economic and societal impacts of Covid-19 add a considerable degree of uncertainty to forecasts. In particular, there are downside risks – firstly from the labour market as the full unemployment picture following the end of the furlough scheme has yet to become fully clear. Additionally, rising inflation will put a squeeze on real incomes next year, and this will bear down on affordability as measured in income-expenditure assessments for mortgage applications.

The potential for Bank Rate increases over the next two years would also place pressure on affordability, although the extent of any increases (and the resulting pressure on affordability) is likely to be relatively modest and affordability tests would make these manageable for borrowers on variable rates whose household budgets are otherwise stable.

Pressures on ongoing affordability will see arrears increase modestly

The same factors will place upwards pressure on ongoing mortgage affordability. However, around three-quarters of outstanding mortgages are on fixed rates and would see no immediate impact on their payments should rates increase. Additionally, a much-improved labour market outlook, compared to predictions made this time last year, means arrears are expected to rise only modestly, peaking at just over 100,000 cases in 2022.

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